Abstract:

After the fall of Aleppo into the hands of the Syrian regime, the Syrian armed factions entered the Astana path, which began as a military path to achieve the so-called de-escalation, but it was linked to the political solution path, especially after the United Nations approved the Constitutional Committee which is considered the most prominent results of the Astana process.
There seemed to be a difference between the forces of political and military opposition to the Astana process, as there appeared to be clear contradictions and differences about the path, with an apparent polarization between those who considered it a contributor to de-escalation in the Syrian regions, and those who considered it the most prominent factor in the retreat of the military opposition forces from Eastern Ghouta, Wadi Barada and the northern countryside of Homs.
The study aims at evaluating the process and the lessons learned from it, and exploring the positions of the various opposition forces from it and their justifications and analysis, and what are the local, regional and international factors and dynamics that prompted the international, regional and local actors to enter the Astana path, and who are the regional and international parties sponsoring, active and influencing the path, and what are the interests of each of them? Who is the most influential ... and what are the degrees of their influence over the local parties, and what are their motives, it will be explored who are the local parties participating in the process, whether from the regime or the opposition., and what are the participating Syrian factions, and are there factions that opposed the path? what are the motives of each party opposing the path or supporting if participating in it or not, what are the most prominent rounds of the track? what are the issues that were discussed, what was the results of each round on the ground, in addition to the opinions of the political, military and civil opposition forces on the path and its results, the positions and arguments of the opponents, and the positions and views of the supporters of the path?
The methodology used will be using the descriptive-analytical method by monitoring and analyzing information from its secondary sources (what was published about the track in terms of research, studies, and press articles), and its primary sources by interviewing politicians, and representatives of factions, and researchers