The Effects of Mercantilism Current on the Development of German Economy and Cameralism

After thirty years of sectarian wars, the German unity of German union, the economic solution against poverty, the increase of the power of the monarchy, that is, the emergence of the theory of mercantilism emerging in western Europe, which advocates the state's intervention in the economy, Kameralism, German and German. spoken continental Europe reveals its economic historical development. While examining the relations between the economic elements of the Kameralist era, which influenced by Continental Europe, the definition of the economic elements will be defined first. The economic factors were the political, social, and welfare level that was the cause of the Kameralist formation in the region in that period. Economic developments in Western Europe were influential in the formation of the Kameralist era. Kameralism can be studied mainly in three branches. These are economy, defense, and public financial management, which focus on the development of agriculture and industry. The traces of the camera list economic policies of the period continue to affect the industrial revolution and afterward. In this article, the descriptive method was used as a research method.


The emergence of German Mercantilism and Kameralism
International trade refers to the development of a cake that is in line with the economic changes in the world if we see that manifested itself on the path from production to sales. The production brought scale economics, scale economy industrialization, industrialization global production, and global branding. The industrialization revolution substantially all was a turning point in economic ünya. Now the production turned from small workshops to factories producing mass production. However, it was a global economic competitive environment that triggered this. The most prominent product was textileweaving machines. These were products that work with the engine and would change the production concept all over the world. Of course, the concept of machinery has developed not only the textile industry but also the understanding of the entire logistics. Borders have been lifted and distances have been shortened. Demand and development forecasts of products in this direction brought industrialization.
The industrialization revolution was also a turning point for the German economy. The reason for the German delays in this process was the difficulties in establishing their troops, the long-lasting regional wars. The German union and the German Empire established afterward are waiting for competition and wars with other players in Europe.
Economical for the ikiru t Ariha be divided into the following steps. It is outlined below (Wächter L., 2017):  Pioneer period (ancient and medieval)  Mercantilism (from the beginning of the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century)  Physiocratism (second half of the 18th century)  Classical economy (from 1776 to the mid-19th century)  Marxism / Scientific Socialism (from the second half of the 19th century)  Historiography / History School (1843 -1930

Leading period
The beginning of economic thought -albeit in a very primitive form -can be traced back to the time when people in a primitive society began producing their devices, weapons, and tools in a division of labor, distributing or replacing their prey or harvest.
Aristotle is often referred to as the thinker who gave the name of the economy, but this is not entirely true, because the Greek philosopher Xenophon, about 60 years old, wrote two economic works, one of which was titled economius. In this way, both philosophers can be considered the first economist in the history of science. As part of their practical philosophy, they dealt with economic issues and tried to grasp economic laws. For example, Aristotle studied the process of change and found two sides of the goods: exchange value and use-value. He refuses to pay interest because money has no value. Plateau refused its dividend because it was in the public interest. Here, like Medieval writers, we count ancient philosophers as "pioneers" of economics. Looking at the "brilliant achievements" of Greek philosophers in other fields, J. Schumpeter considers his performances in the economy as "poor". Because they associated their economic thinking with their general states and social philosophies; they rarely dealt with an economic problem about him.
In the Middle Ages, the writers (eg Albertus Magnus, Thomas Aquinas, Johannes Buridan, or Martin Luther) addressed issues such as fair prices and a ban on interest. These issues are also closely related to the fundamental question of the compatibility of Christianity and the economy. These pioneers often developed their ideas in connection with questions or problems from areas outside the economy. The first scientific definitions of the economy came only in the age of mercantilism (Wächter L., 2017).

Mercantilism and Kameralism
The economic and political doctrine before the classical theory was mercantilism. XVI. YY. from XVII. It was effective until the end of the century. Mercantilism reflects the views of a period in which national states were founded instead of feudalism, in terms of political doctrine. By increasing the authority of kings, it served the purpose of supporting national unity. According to the mercantilist philosophy, the main purpose of foreign trade theory is to increase the treasury's gold stock. In this, it is necessary to create surpluses in the balance of payments. Therefore, Mercantilism is based on intense state interventionism. (ÖzyYüksel, S., 2020) In the period of mercantilism, absolutist nation-states emerged in Europe, whose rulers were struggling to fill the state chests. It exports to a large extent and thus promotes a trade balance that leads to an active trade policy should be conducted of years. Another tool, for example, was protective tariffs imposed on imports as part of a protective economic policy, thereby generating revenue for the state treasury. The largest possible money supply or a large supply of gold and silver was considered decisive for the wealth of a state. In Europe, the origin of which appeared in different variations of mercantilism in England and therefore carries certain names: Britain and the Netherlands ticarici l i k (commercialism), in France and Germany kameralizmColbertizm (Wächter L., 2017).
In the German-speaking lands, rural economic activities started to expand to a wider area and the domestic trade volume increased as of the 16th century. The complexity ©Center for Promoting Education and Research (CPER) USAwww.cpernet.org International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science (IJBASS) E-ISSN: 2469-6501 VOL: 6, ISSUE: 8 August/2020 DOI: 10.33642/ijbass.v6n8p1 https://ijbassnet.com/ of production attached due to this increase in production capacity has revealed the need for streamlining the center of this area and this feudal pre-n led to water rather than the central authority of the new absolute monarchy stands out. On the other hand, mercantilism, which is an economic policy specific to absolute governments, has reduced the effect of feudal and regional powers that regulate the economy at the local level with its introverted aspect. Also, feudal princes faced the risk of losing its military importance and unique political functions. In line with the changes in war strategies and technologies, states that wanted to survive must have a professional army. The need for a strong and central army started the process of extinction of feudal princes (Aktel, Kerman, Altan, &Güven, 2015).
In Germany of the period, the relationship between the king, the state, and the entrepreneur was clearly defined in principle. The king was ordering or maintaining order, and the state's role could be defined as realizing the king's orders. The entrepreneur was trying to trade in line with government orders. It was relatively easy to make these definitions at that time, and it was difficult to plan the way they had to follow as entrepreneurs at that time (Treue, 1957).
Germany was the economically underdeveloped region of Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff (1626-1692), one of the earliest thinkers of cameraism, worked to develop new policies for German states to reunite after 30 years of war. Seckendorff is considered the "Adam Smith of Kameralism" (Reinert, 2005).
The development of the social focus of cameraism and its subject to academic research begins in 1727 when 1. Friedrich Wilhelm opened a podium named Halle University in economics, politics, and Kameral issues, followed by a podium at Frankfurter/Oder University. Government employees studied at these universities and gained knowledge of Kameral sciences. 18th century. Kameralism, which has become institutionalized in the middle and turned into a system for the management of state resources and establishment of order, has been considered as a management system that increases the general happiness and welfare by integrating law and economic sciences. Kameralism can be studied mainly in three branches. These are economy, defense, and public financial management, which focus on the development of agriculture and industry. It is possible to divide the king's income into three categories. 1. Revenue from treasury real estate, 2. Tax revenues, 3. Charges from partners. These revenues earn their legitimacy for reasons such as the care of the king's family, the staff, the maintenance of the streets and castles, the support of the poor, stereotypes and schools, and the rewarding of the deserving people. (Karababa, 2019).
In 1686, Schröder introduced the cameraistic tradition to his theorem, which is considered a heretical. According to this theory, "Without a rich people, there would be no rich prince." In other words, the Prince should have regulated the administration to ensure the welfare of the people, instead of generating income by removing people's water through tax collectors. The reason why he was criticized by the later cameraers was not that he should not dry the income source of the state with reasonable taxation, but because he emphasized the public welfare.
Developments in Europe were influential in the emergence of German mercantilism and cameraism. Kameralism distinguished itself from mercantilism in Europe, but the influence of Adam Smith's economic doctrine continued. In Kameralism, the desire of both the state treasury and tax intermediaries to earn income from the public is weakening social welfare and tax revenues, which is increased during periods of the financial crisis. Therefore, some restrictions were needed in the taxation authority of the central authority. Indeed, the 17th century. German German statesman Seckendorff emphasizes that the taxation authority by the central state is not unlimited. It states that the tax burden should be reasonable, balanced, and free from arbitrariness. The academic and scientific foundations of management science, along with the Kameral Science Chairs, were laid in the Preussen region (Usta&Akıncı, 2016).
Agriculture and agricultural technology were developing in the Preussen region, where the Kameralist movement first began. Mercantilist policies focus on commercial economies, especially producers. New production techniques, new finishing processes, and new products needed by the manufacturers had to be developed. It was also intended to reach new jobs and opportunities to improve the poor and middle class and increase the level of welfare. The princes of the king aim to eliminate the problems they experience in fulfilling their social and developmental policies (Ambrosius, 1987).
Economics has become one of the cornerstones of the cameraman management approach. Cameralists have set out principles for the economy by stating how the state should intervene in the economy and what duties fall on the state in this regard. Cameralists theorized the administrative activities of the state and made the administrative activities of the state for the first time the subject of a systematic review (Usta&Akıncı, 2016).
In principle, in all of its activities, as in other European countries, Germany was establishing companies on mining and enriching its economy. The freedom of export of raw material of the Mercantilist period enriched the country's economy. On the other hand, control over raw material prices and colonial activities were signaling the globalizing economy.
The colonial experience of the Germans is less studied than others. This is because these issues a short time include the envelope is made. Second, the general importance given to Nazi Germany overrides other periods. The reason for the sudden end of the German colonial rule was suggested by the British as the inexperience of the German Empire to rule the ©Center for Promoting Education and Research (CPER) USAwww.cpernet.org International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science (IJBASS) E-ISSN: 2469-6501 VOL: 6, ISSUE: 8 August/2020 DOI: 10.33642/ijbass.v6n8p1 https://ijbassnet.com/ local people and foreign lands. However, German literature shows us that the German Empire is experienced in 'colonial state administration'. Germany's first colonial experience, which was not very successful, was carried out in Venezuela in the 16th century between 1528-1555. The subsequent colonialist initiative started in 1842 towards South Africa (Noyan, 2013).
The Germans followed the developments in England and the Netherlands during the period of cameraism and evaluated the positive and negative aspects of commercial capitalism. In the era of Kameralism, Germans did not consider the socially destructive aspects of it while dealing with a fast-growing economy. Industrialization and economic development is an inevitable result of free trade. In this development, wider social, economic, and political settled life effects are observed. Also, the policies of other countries have been effective in this development (Reinert, 2005).
The economic change of Germany took place in the 19th century. In other words, the transition process from the period of mercantilism /cameraism to the liberal economic period is the 19th century. it happened in four stages throughout: The first is the introduction of reforms in Prussia from 1807 (such as the removal of the Locas, their freedom). Second, the formation of the Customs union. In the 19th century, awareness of nationality developed rapidly. Prussia, in particular, fought a great struggle for the unity of Germany with the effect of its economic power, which increased as a result of industrialization. To this end, Prussia created a customs union (Zollverein) in its vicinity between 1818 and 1933 and took the first step towards national unity by removing customs walls between about 20 states. Third, the realization of political unity. Under the protection of Prussia, which used its diplomatic and military activity together with its economic power, the North German Confederation was established in 1867, when the states located north of the Maine river came together. The fourth was the political union of the North and South in 1871 and the establishment of the German Empire (Reich II) (Dartan, 1993).
In this period, unlike the mercantilist policies, by reducing its economic activities, policies pursued the development of a market economy, in which the private sector would be more effective. For example, by a law (Berggesetz) enacted in Prussia in 1865, private sector activities were allowed in the mining sector (Dartan, 1993).

Interaction of economic elements in the Kameralist period in Germany
Countries differ greatly in terms of population, geographical feature, social, political and economic structures, historical and economic developments, culture, etc. features. However, because all the countries live in the same world, they have to share the same resources. Therefore, countries have tight relations with each other. All economic relations between countries constitute the subject of the international economics science. In other words, the study of all kinds of events, relations, and developments between the sovereign countries that have economic characteristics is the main goal of international economics. Some simplification under the assumptions of events to explain the reasons, namely between events demonstrate the causal relationship and be based on the statement that events to predict the output, predictions do (prediction) is the ideas generated for. (ÖzyYüksel, S., 2020).

German unification process
In the history of German geography, there was a region where a union of small kingdoms and principalities could not be achieved. Germany has not been able to achieve its union for many years. Sectarian wars or thirty years wars became an important turning point in the formation of this union. After thirty years of sectarian wars, the German unity of German union, economic solution against poverty, increasing the power of the monarchy, that is, an emergence of the theory and theory of mercantilism emerging in western Europe, which defends the state's intervention in the economy, cameraism, German and German. spoken continental Europe reveals its economic historical development.
The Thirty Years' War is a series of wars that took place in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, with most European states participating. It is one of the longest and most devastating wars in European history. Initially, while between the protestant and Catholic city-states that formed the Holy Roman German Empire, it gradually turned into a wider conflict involving most of Europe's great powers, a continuation of the France-Habsburg conflict for European supremacy rather than religion. A decline and locality began in Germany from the 17th century to the second half of the 19th century .
The most important political consequence of the Thirty Years' War is the emergence of France as the most powerful state in Continental Europe, with the dragons of the German Empire empowered into a feudal mess. Until the establishment of the German Empire in the 19th century, European politics will revolve around the division of Germany and the superiority of France. The 30 Year War is the last major religious war in Europe. As in the case of Catholic France, which supports the Protestants against the Habsburgs, the interests of the states have now overtaken their religious affiliation .
Many German regions were in poor economic condition after sectarian wars. About a third of the Germanspeaking population died in these wars. 16. Towards the end of the century, Germany was in a worse situation than the other western European countries in terms of economic development. While examining the relations between the economic elements of the Kameralist era, which influenced Continental Europe, the definition of the economic element will be made first. The economic elements were the political, social, and welfare level ©Center for Promoting Education and Research (CPER) USAwww.cpernet.org

International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science (IJBASS)
E-ISSN: 2469-6501 VOL: 6, ISSUE: 8 August/2020 DOI: 10.33642/ijbass.v6n8p1 https://ijbassnet.com/ that was the cause of the Kameralist formation in the region in that period. Economic developments in Western Europe were influential in the formation of the Kameralist era.
The welfare state understanding of a country can be expressed in a framework depicting the historical background that shapes the relations between the state, the market, the society, and the family. Welfare; meets the general concepts of health, safety, and happiness. Welfare capitalism sees the family as a working-class and designs social policies according to this understanding. Country-specific sociological and economic structures play a role in shaping social policies and shape public finances (Karababa,2019).

Graphic. 1 The inter-class relationship in the German geography of the cameraism period
The hierarchy in the geography of Germany began to change during the period of cameraism. Under the leadership of academics and thinkers at universities, the economic system is changing. Increasing the welfare of the lower sections is adopted for the wealth of the kings and nobles. On the one hand, manufacturers and entrepreneurs are supported.
Graphic .2 Change in German geography between  As a matter of Germany's thirty years, yl water is fresh out of the Avash. Along with the princes, the people were also impoverished and the region was in poor economic terms.
Unemployment rose, the population decreased much after the wars. In this socio-economic situation, the effects of Merakantalizm in Western Europe, which is economically ©Center for Promoting Education and Research (CPER) USAwww.cpernet.org

Examining the tax system of the period
During the French wars of the 1670s, war taxes were very high. Large revenues from taxes, mercantilist policies of the major initiatives by a hot incentive system, and the direction were essential for a thriving economy. The country's level of wealth had to be raised so that the state could continue to set high taxes without putting the lands and people in a difficult situation. For this reason, Frederick William followed an aggressive policy to promote agriculture and production while reducing unnecessary spending. Exports then prohibited raw materials and summit laws luxury consumption limited tolerance of years. Local governments were subjected to royal brokers, whose powers included control of urban production. Business ethics raised society from above; The view of Kameralism, which dictates the king's hard work and personal engagement, has spread (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., 2020).
Graphic .3 Drinks (Beer and wine) taxation in major German cities between 1500-1698. ( Tlusty, BA , 2014) Graphic .3 ' also included the 4 separate chart provides information on taxation made on German geography drinks. It is determined in the graphic that the taxes applied to the drink decreased after thirty years of war. On the other hand, it is seen that the real estate taxes were stable between 1550-1650 but decreased after the sectarian wars. On the other hand, it is considered that wine has a lower tax than beer.
Based on these graphs, it is evaluated that the welfare level of the people of the region decreases after the sectarian wars and this affects the welfare level of the king and the state. It can be said that the current of cameraism was a strategy put forward by the kings and the state administration to increase taxes during this period. For this purpose, if the welfare level of the lower classes was increased, kings and nobles could increase their earnings as tax liabilities would increase. On the other hand, strict financial discipline was envisaged in order to increase the revenues of the state in non-governmental. With this understanding, the understanding of statism was gaining importance. In the hierarchy, again, the monarchy was the king, but the income was tried to be increased by strengthening the state level with financial policies.
Since the aim was to increase the general welfare level of both the king and the people, besides the fiscal discipline, it increased its importance in technical developments in order to increase the agricultural products sold abroad in an economy whose main production is agriculture. In the studies carried out for the strengthening of the state level, bureaucrats were provided with training on the platforms created for the purpose of Kameralism at universities. Support has been provided for finding employment in employment agencies established within the middle income or working class.

Germany and Colonialism
The colonial experience of the Germans is less studied than others. This is because this topic covers a short period of time. Second, the general importance given to Nazi Germany overrides other periods. The reason for the sudden end of the German colonial rule was suggested by the British as the inexperience of the German Empire to rule the local people and foreign lands. However, German literature shows us that the German Empire is experienced in 'colonial state administration'. Germany's first colonial experience, which was not very successful, was carried out in Venezuela in the 16th century

Establishment of the German Empire, Liberalization and Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution began when James Watt discovered Steam energy (1765). Steam machines replaced the looms in production (Weaving Industry Improved) Production volume increased. There have been great developments in metallurgy as well, and steel production has started with the Bessemer method (cheap). Railway networks have expanded. The transnational transportation of people and goods has become faster and easier. After the industrial revolution, liberal views replaced Mercantilism. Production ceased to be a problem in this period. However, the marketing of production became a problem. It was not possible to market these productions within the framework of the Mercantilist Doctrine. ( ÖzyYüksel, S., 2020) The first points of liberalism in Germany were the Hambacher Festival (1832) and the 1848 Revolutions in the German states. At the National Assembly (1848/1849) in Frankfurt Paulskirche, the bourgeois liberal group Casino and Wuttger Hof (led by Heinrich von Gagern) were the majority. They supported the constitutional monarchy, popular sovereignty, and the rule of parliament.
Organized liberalism developed in the 1860s, combining previous liberal and democratic movements. Between 1867 and 1933, liberalism was divided into progressive liberal and national liberal groups. Since 1945, only one liberal party has been important in politics at the national level: The Free Democratic Party (Free Democratic Party, member LI), ELDR.  The Industrial Revolution began in Germany about a century after it was in England. Germany did not exist as a political unit until the late 19th century. First came in 1833, Zollverein (Toll Union), which made Germany a common market by removing tolls between various German principalities.
For decades until about the 1860s, there were attempts to imitate the industrialization that took place elsewhere in Europe in Germany. This imitation was only moderately successful. In 1870, the modern German nation was established, and then large industries were created that led to the full-fledged industrialization of Germany.

Study of German Foreign Trade after the establishment of the German empire
The unification of Germany, which took a long time, resulted in the establishment of the German Empire in 1879. So far, German geography is experiencing the period of cameraism and liberalization. The establishment of the German Empire brought a new era in domestic and foreign trade, and free trade started under the influence of liberalism. The transition to this open economy and eventually the unification of Germany paved the way to compete more comfortably with other countries known in Europe. It made Germans an important competitor before the industrialization evolution to be experienced in the world.
Graphic .4 Percentage expression of the span of the German economy between 1880-1980 If we look at the three major countries in Europe between 1880 and 1980, the clarity of the economies of France, England and Germany is shown in Graph .4. It is seen that in the 1880s, Germany was ahead of the other two countries regarding openness, but could not continue this success with the industrial revolution and the world war.  1880-1980 While the agriculture sector was important in terms of the economy at the beginning of 1880, the industry and service sectors went far beyond agriculture. As stated in Graph .5, there is no data on the subject during the world wars.
Graph .6 Average labor productivity.  If we want to compare the agriculture and industry sectors, it is seen that the agriculture sector was ahead of the industry in the 1880s. In the following years, it turned the direction of the agriculture-based economy into the industry, and the industry became ahead of agriculture. Graphic .6 'd a common approach, in this case, Germany, for example, England's industrial revolution of the century can be explained as a late entry. Similar to the above approach, it is possible to explain the transformation of the workforce in the agriculture and industry sectors to the industry in a similar way with Graph .7. While the workforce has been working in the agricultural sector since 1861, those working in the industry are more than those working in agriculture.
Graph .8 GNP / NNP comparison of the German economy with other European countries .  As can be seen in Graph .8, Germany has become the leading economy in the GNP / NNP comparison per capita after the 1880s.
Chart .9 German Foreign Trade between 1880-1979 (In per cent of NNP, as a percentage of Net national product) .  If we examine the course of Foreign Trade German exports, imports, trade balance, the balance data service graphic .9 'd au possible to assess from the   .  In Graph .12, considering the percentage of German exports in imports of Russia, the USA, England, Italy, and France, intensive trade with Russia increased until the Second World War in the 1880s and then was interrupted. Britain, Italy, and France also fluctuated with the effect of World Wars . Graphic .13 exports by the major German community groups in certain years (percent of total exports of goods have as),  .  Considering Germany's export sectoral change, agriculture, raw material, and textile exports, which were intense in the 1880s, were replaced by machinery and electrical devices over the years. This has occurred as a result of the intensive industrialization of the German economy, though delayed over the years.

Study areas that can be advanced
The cameraist period of the German Economy analyzed in our article and the effects of the industrial revolution also offer the option of evaluating the German economy with other economic theories. On the other hand, the issue of bilateral agreements in German geography is not addressed in this thesis. Information on this subject before the German Empire period was not available. The reason for this may be the scattered political structure of the period.
After the German Empire was established, the existence of bilateral agreements with major countries in Europe and with Russia was determined. However, it has been evaluated that due to the scope of the subject, past data cannot be found and the subject can be handled in a future study due to the widespread of the subject.

RESULT
Semi-protective trade policies are used in the Mercantilist period. With the effect of markentalism, it was forbidden to import the finished product from abroad. Likewise, the export of raw materials was prohibited. It was possible to see this system in all European countries. On the other hand, the raw material import was free. In this way, the raw materials needed to support production could be obtained from neighboring countries. Again, with the opinion of Adam Smith, the export of finished products was liberalized. The system was protectionist, but to a certain extent liberated.
Economic developments in Western Europe were influential in the formation of the Kameralist period in German geography. Mercantilist period, with the French Revolution, cut after developments concerning i was nt. If an economic benefit is sought, we must accept the fact that great political thoughts prevail (Van Klavern, 1963).
Kameralism covers the policy of development and expansion in the German economy in the period that started to revive the economy after the thirty years of war and lasted until the French Revolution in the 18th century. During this period, the German economy is enriched, the power and fiscal discipline of the state increases. Liberalism enhances its influence, and as a result, the German Empire is established, resulting in the unification of German cantons that lasted for hundreds of years. Come to compete with Western Europe is a case in the opening to the outside and it also about colonialism, Venezuela, South Africa, and some other African countries in the development and experience. With the struggle against unemployment, advances in agricultural techniques and orientation towards industrialization, the process of establishing the German Empire progressed, King came in broad interaction from every aspect of the state's economy and social life, starting from his foreign trade and economic oriented approach. In addition to a strong and controlling state and management philosophy, cameraism included financial, legal, and social purposes.
The traces of the cameraist economic policies of the period continue to affect the industrial revolution and later. ©Center for Promoting Education and Research (CPER) USAwww.cpernet.org International Journal of Business and Applied Social Science (IJBASS) E-ISSN: 2469-6501 VOL: 6, ISSUE: 8 August/2020 DOI: 10.33642/ijbass.v6n8p1 https://ijbassnet.com/ Germany in particular as regards economic growth and prosperity in 30 years due to wars in Western Europe compared with that experienced delays in the centuries that have experienced economic difficulties. The discipline imposed on the financial and public areas of this country's most powerful features of the system currently in Kameralist t A has made it possible to ers. It is still one of the world's leading economies, with exports worth over a billion dollars in the German economy.
18th century It is a century when human beings have undergone great changes. The 19th, 20th centuries are the centuries when even bigger developments were experienced. The engine power that triggered the development in these centuries stems from technical and economic advances. When we evaluate the technical and economic developments in Central Europe in the 18th century, planned and conscious state regulations are always encountered. When this period is analyzed, the effect of trying to build capitalism is planned. The support given to industrialization in the following years is a conscious approach to the states arising from the mercantilistic period. The same effects were seen in the German-speaking region (Szabadvary, 1978).
Mercantilist theories and policies of the early capitalist era are criticized for confusing the welfare of micro and macroeconomics and overestimating the role of free trade and money. We Merkantalis approach, export and general welfare of successful entrepreneurs' nations ra s trade has led to an increase in applications. Classical and neoclassical economics have brought few insights into mercantilismus. The reason for this is that mercentalistic literature is characterized by more comparable narrow analytical boundaries (Spahn, 2018).